“The Mountain of the Illyrian Kings”: The Rock-Cut Tombs of Lower Selca (Seltza)

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Historical period:

4th–3rd centuries BCE

Historical overview of the period

The settlement of Lower Selca (Gradishta e Selcës), near Pogradec, lies on the right bank of the Shkumbin River and in antiquity occupied a strategic position, controlling the ancient route connecting Dyrrachium with Macedonia. The site is renowned for its monumental rock-cut tombs, carved into the mountainside with arched funerary chambers and imposing architectural façades. Archaeological finds (including reliefs of bukrania, helmets, and Illyrian-type shields) date the complex to between the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. Based on their structure and decoration, these tombs are interpreted as the burial places of Illyrian kings, possibly Bardylis, the “First King of the Illyrians,” or his son Cleitus.

Conditions that gave rise to the event

The royal necropolis of Selca e Poshtme represents not only a funerary site but also a major collective enterprise, both economic and social, for the Illyrian community. Its construction required substantial effort — skilled artisans and laborers, materials and careful management of natural resources. On a social level, the tombs expressed the highest form of tribal identity and power, uniting the community around a common mission that transcended individual life. They served as ceremonial landmarks, symbols of unity and pride, and enduring signs of reverence toward ancestors and cultural heritage.

Message

True grandeur and glory are not bound to what is transient or material, but rather live on through memory and legacy left behind by people and leaders alike. By way of stone craftsmanship, perseverance and faith, human hands created that which transcends time: a symbol rooted in identity and bespeaking of the enduring dream for a better future. The light that shines from within the rock symbolizes hope, the silent promise and powerful reminder that the spirit and history of a people can outlast physical time itself. At its heart, this story bespeaks of the eternity of values, the power of remembrance and the hope that continues to inspire generations to come.

Meaning in Today’s Context

In today’s context, this story invites us to preserve and respect our identity, history, and cultural and national values. It reminds us that true greatness is not measured solely by material power or temporary successes, but lies in the legacy we leave behind and in the collective memory carried from generation to generation. In a time when societies face challenges such as the loss of values, emigration, and social division, this message calls us to find strength in our roots and to work with patience and love to build a future that reflects the dreams of our ancestors—a future of meaning and dignity.

Bibliography

  • Ceka, Neritan. Qyteti ilir pranë Selcës së Poshtme [The Illyrian city near Lower Selca]. Tiranë, 1985.
  • • Institute of Folk Culture, field interviews and studies conducted in Selca, 1980–2020.
  • Oral traditions recorded by archaeologists regarding Selca.
  • Local narratives preserved by the oldest families of Selca e Poshtme, transmitted as part of the community’s living heritage and identity.
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