Dance of Nymphs Around the Eternal Flames of the Nymphaeum of Apollonia

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Historical period:

From the 7th century BCE

Historical overview of the period

In the ancient city of Apollonia, founded by Corinthian and Corcyraean colonists in the 7th century BCE on the Adriatic coast (near modern Fier), there existed a Nymphaeum — a sacred place dedicated to the water nymphs believed to inhabit holy springs, protect life, fertility and natural harmony. This Nymphaeum was situated in an area where natural gas emissions created a continuously burning flame. These fires never went out, giving the site a mystical aura; it thus became a place of worship for the nymphs and for Apollo, god of light and music.

Conditions that gave rise to the event

The Nymphaeum was associated with a unique oracle mentioned in ancient texts, though its precise location remains unknown. Three nymphs, often depicted in sculptural art from Apollonia, are believed to have embodied this oracular power. In their honor — and as part of the cult of nature and water deities — the Nymphaia festivals were held, including gymnastic contests recorded as early as the 2nd century BCE. Their dedication to nature deities, often represented through choral performance and the presence of Pan, god of music and the wild, whose melodies were said to echo through the city, likely attest to the organization of a musical competition. Reliefs, coins and figurines discovered in Apollonia depict nymphs dancing in graceful circles, holding musical instruments or raising their hands around a symbol of light — often accompanied by Apollo himself. In Apollonia, nymphs were not mere decorative mythological figures but beings revered and worshipped by the inhabitants. Their dance around the flames expressed the cycle of life, the renewal of spring, spiritual purification and the coexistence of humans and the divine — a ritual embodying the harmony between nature and humankind.

Note: The name of the main character, Batea, is inspired by the Illyrian name Bato.

Message

The story of Batea is not simply a legend about a sacred place or a forgotten song. It is a powerful reminder that nature has a soul, though lacking a voice… It speaks through the flame, through water, through silence… And waits for someone to listen… Batea becomes a symbol of the human being who chooses not to dominate nature but to feel and defend it, even at the highest cost of self-sacrifice. In a world increasingly deaf to the harmony of living things, this story reminds us that it is an inner song, a deep love and true sacrifice those that preserve the light that sustains life. The eternal flame is not fire —it is our care.

Meaning in Today’s Context

This legend combines Greek mythology with local cults, bringing back to our memory an ancient archetype: dancing around the flame as a symbol of life revolving around light, the sacred fire, and the divine energy of nature. It represents the figure of the goddess of nature, who never disappeared from human consciousness. Essentially, the narrative raises a clear call for sensitivity and ecological awareness, reminding us that ancient landscapes—the clean air, green forests, and crystal-clear waters—are not merely physical resources, but part of a spiritual heritage entrusted to us from generation to generation. Batea’s sacrifice is more than a mythical act: it is a metaphor for the responsibility we have today to preserve harmony between humans and nature. It is a gift for the future.

Bibliography

  • CIGME I.1: Cabanes, Pierre; Ceka, Neritan, Corpus des inscriptions grecques d’Illyrie méridionale et d’Épire. I. Inscriptions d’Épidamne–Dyrrachium et d’Apollonia. 1. Inscriptions d’Apollonia, Coll. Études épigraphiques 2, Paris, 1995.
  • Korkuti, Muzafer, Kulti i ujit dhe zjarrit në Iliri [The cult of water and fire in Illyria], Tiranë: Studime Ilire, 1987.
  • Quantin, François, De l’invention d’un lieu sacré à la naissance d’un sanctuaire. L’exemple du Nymphaion d’Apollonia d’Illyrie, in Lafond, Yves & Michel, Vincent (eds.), Espaces sacrés dans la Méditerranée antique, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.pur.45730
  • Elsie, Robert, Albanian Folktales and Legends (London: I.B. Tauris, 2001).
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